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CD8 + cytotoxic T-lymphocytes (CTLs) perform a critical role in the immune control of viral infections, including those caused by human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) and hepatitis C virus (HCV). As a result, genetic variation at CTL epitopes is strongly influenced by host-specific selection for either escape from the immune response, or reversion due to the replicative costs of escape mutations in the absence of CTL recognition. Under strong CTL-mediated selection, codon...

art f. y poon, sergei l. kosakovsky pond, phil bennett, douglas d richman, andrew j. leigh brown, simon d. w frost, plos pathogens 2007 3(3):e45, adaptation, biological, cd8-positive t-lymphocytes, epitopes, t-lymphocyte, hepacivirus, hepatitis c, hiv infections, hiv-1, humans, models, biological, models, theoretical, molecular sequence data, polymorphism, genetic, reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction, stochastic processes,