Joseph Meister (February 21 1876 - June 16 1940) was the first person to be inoculated against rabies by Louis Pasteur, and the first person to be successfully treated for the disease.

In 1885, the nine-year-old Meister was bitten by a rabid dog. Pasteur decided to treat the boy with a rabies virus grown in rabbits and weakened by drying, a treatment he had earlier tried on dogs. The treatment was successful and the boy did not develop rabies.

As an adult, Meister served as a caretaker at the Pasteur Institute until his death in 1940 at age 64. During the Nazi occupation of Paris, he committed suicide by shooting himself with his World War I service revolver.

Reportedly he chose to commit suicide rather than allow the Wehrmacht to enter the Pasteurs' crypt. However, Dr. Georges Cohen, who lived in the same Paris apartment building as Joseph Meister's son related that although Meister did commit suicide in despondency over the German invasion, the suicide was not related to Pasteur's burial crypt.