Disease mongering is a term used to describe a perceived attempt by pharmaceutical companies to promote public awareness of relatively minor conditions or diseases not frequently diagnosed until recently, with the aim of increasing sales of medication. Examples include male-type baldness and certain social phobias , and increasing the frequency of diagnosis of some diseases . In discussions specifically about the validity of psychiatry, the term is frequently also used by proponents of the antipsychiatry movement and Scientology based critics to discredit psychiatry, neurobiological disorders, and the medications used for treatment. Examples include ADHD .

Proponents of this practice argue that the pharmaceutical industry is only providing the public with information about its options and that actual prescription is a matter to be discussed between patient and doctor. Opponents, however, claim that this approach leads to the unnecessary prescription of drugs, that its motivation is only to profit the drug companies, and that it may actually harm instead of help patients. . One recent medical article advocates disentanglement of medical doctors from the pharmaceutical industry and education of patients.

A 2006 Newcastle, New South Wales conference, reported in PLoS Medicine, explored the phenomenon further Journalist Moynihan satirised it in a BMJ "news" item that appeared in its April Fool's Day edition 2006, titled "Scientists find new disease: motivational deficiency disorder".