The Politics of Italy take place in a framework of a parliamentary, democratic republic, and of a pluriform multi-party system. Executive power is exercised by the government, which is led by the Prime Minister of Italy. Legislative power is vested in both the government and the two chambers of parliament. The judiciary is independent of the executive and the legislature. Italy has been a democratic republic since 2 June 1946, when the monarchy was abolished by popular referendum (see birth of the Italian Republic). The constitution was promulgated on 1 January 1948.